Martha Cleveland-Innes

Martha Cleveland-Innes is a professor at the Athabasca University in Vancouver Canada. She completed her PhD in Adult and Higher Education from the University of Calgary in 1996. She has published numerous papers on the subjects of online and blended learning and has written a book called The Guide to Blended Learning which was published in 2018.

Some of her most cited work includes

• Garrison, D. R., & Cleveland-Innes, M. (2005). Facilitating cognitive presence in online learning: Interaction is not enough. The American Journal of Distance Education. 19(3), 133-148. 

• Arbaugh, B. J., Cleveland-Innes, M., Diaz, S. R., Garrison, D. R., Ice, P., Richardson, J. C., & Swan, K. P. (2008). Developing a community of inquiry instrument: Testing a measure of the community of inquiry framework using a multi-institutional sample. The internet and higher education. 11(3-4), 133-136. 

• Garrison, D. R., Cleveland-Innes, M., & Fung, T. S. (2010). Exploring causal relationships among teaching, cognitive and social presence: Student perceptions of the community of inquiry framework. The internet and higher education. 13(1-2). 31-36. 

Websites:

• LinkedIn

• Athabasca University